Detecting structural changes induced by Heterobasidion root rot on Scots pines using terrestrial laser scanning

Abstract Root rot, caused by the decay fungus Heterobasidion annosum, damages both below- and above-ground parts of Scots pines (Pinus Sylvestris L.). The diseased are often first characterized deteriorated crowns they will eventually be killed infection, but process is gradual difficult to observed before symptoms severe. We tested applicability point cloud data produced terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for quantifying structural differences between healthy trees. This approach was applied in a mature pine stand southern Finland, which known infected H. annosum. scanned using TLS, thereafter felled trees detailed inspection classification infection status. From TLS cloud, we estimated i) crosscut areas within lowest 1 m stem, identifying potential deformations initiated fungus, ii) degree crown deterioration, providing visual signs at level individual trees, iii) occupancy open space around prone altered mycelial spread adjacent results indicate that stem dimensions deterioration can detected were found have more swollen butt, no irregularities circularity crosscuts detected. In terms vertical distribution, had accumulations substantially greater heights, reflecting easier penetration beams sparsity crown. Regarding occupancy, their crowns, difference not statistically significant. According simple prediction test based on calculated features, up 85% accuracy status reached. study indication successfully detecting changes connected root rot. Our also show evidence annosum causes butt swelling, has rarely been reported as symptom pines.